April 28, 2024, 11:37:44 AM
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Spectra of aromatic compounds look very different on old 60 MHz NMR instruments than they look at, say, a 400 MHz NMR instrument.  Have you tried applying any rules that you learned to monosubstituted rings?  If so, what did you learn?
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Butyllithium is a strong base pka 50 stronger as hydroxide pka 15.7.
The reaction with water is an exchange reaction of Li to H.


https://www.uwindsor.ca/people/jgreen/sites/uwindsor.ca.people.jgreen/files/pka_bases.pdf
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Butyllithium#:~:text=In%20the%20case%20of%20n,%5BCH2R%5D4.

I don't have specific thoughts regarding your question; I do, however, have a general comment.  Although we write nBuLi as if it were a simple, covalent compound, it aggregates in solution.
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all of the aromatic hydrogen are chemically equivalent since only two signals are shown in proton NMR

Not exactly. Whether they show as equivalent or not depends on the instrument resolution (so technically they are never equivalent).
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nBuli + H2O, and whether nBuli is a bronsted base?

This reaction-

n-BuLi + H2O → nBuH + LiOH

I understand is

C4H9Li + H2O --> C4H10 + LiOH

And I understand that n-Buli(C4H9Li)  is in a solvent but is not forming solvated ions. It's a molecule, it's covalent.

What i'm wondering is whether or not it's a bronsted base.
 
The conjugate pairs don't quite work..

C4H9Li/C4H10   <-- The Li has gone..

H2O/LiOH <-- An Li has been gained.

And we can't cancel the Li out as a spectator ion, because it's part of the n-Buli(C4H9Li) molecule, it's not a spectator ion.

Thanks
6
For example, in toluene, a monosubstituted benzene ring, all of the aromatic hydrogen are chemically equivalent since only two signals are shown in proton NMR. Does this occur to all monosubstituted benzene ring and what is the logic behind this? Thank you.
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High School Chemistry Forum / Re: Titanium Dioxide project
« Last post by Corribus on April 26, 2024, 09:51:21 AM »
I guess it depends on your definition of "reaction".

TiO2 has photocatalytic properties and is frequently used for such, so you might start there.
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High School Chemistry Forum / Re: Titanium Dioxide project
« Last post by Borek on April 26, 2024, 03:00:03 AM »
This is tough, as TiO2 is more a final product than a reactant used for further processing.

Perhaps look for production methods?
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Organic Chemistry Forum / Re: Inspired by corona
« Last post by rolnor on April 26, 2024, 12:42:06 AM »
It's more microbiology than chemistry... But don't people insert a gene into e-coli and express proteins this way? Do you want to use x-ray diffraction? Now it's common to use AI that looks at the primary structure and predicts the tertiary 3D-structure. Before when people used only x-ray diffraction it often took years to get good crystals from proteins, at Medivir we got crystals from HIV-reverse transcriptase and used x-ray diffraction. The x-rays were generated by an electron accelerator large as a football field and the crystals were cooled by ice the whole transport to the facility, it was not a simple job.
I don't find the paper, but this guy did the work I describe, here he is also working with HIV-RT: https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/aid.1990.6.1297
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High School Chemistry Forum / Titanium Dioxide project
« Last post by milkfeet86 on April 25, 2024, 09:28:17 PM »
I cant find any reactions including Titanium Dioxide, been looking all over.
Here is the direct question:
"AT LEAST two reactions in which your chemical is used in industry (balanced and with states) and classification of TYPE of reaction. "
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