[JacAlex]

I have a chemistry assignment that requires me to make a practical (in size) and portable battery. I was wondering if anyone had any suggestions as to how a could start with the design process, including  the substances I should use for the anode, cathode and electrolyte, and the types of battery I could possibly make. Our teacher is giving us access to any substances we need at school and if needed we are able to place orders for things they don't have. Thanks.

[Arkcon]

OK.  In your textbook, what examples of batteries are there, and why not start with those.   For that matter, what do the various parts you've listed mean?  It seems like you know everything about batteries, except what an anode, cathode, electrolyte and type are.  Did you have a particular case in mind?  That's the only bit you've got left to do.

[Enthalpy]

If the battery shall be any good, don't forget the depolarizer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depolarizer