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Physical Chemistry Forum / Aluminium-Copper battery
« Last post by hartalinstalin69 on Today at 05:48:13 AM »
Chemicals used:CuSO4(aq), Al2(SO4)3, KNO3(salt bridge), copper and aluminium electrodes.

Hi, i recetly made an experiment based on electrical potencilas shown in pictures, i was thinking that it at least seems to be better thant classic zinc-copper battery (potencial of 1.1V) becase it should have more voltage maybe (based on the potencilas it should had been aroud 2V) but in reality it is just around 0.5V.
Why is that???
2
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Organic Spectroscopy / Re: NMR Spectrum explanation
« Last post by eurolla on Today at 04:51:05 AM »
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High School Chemistry Forum / pharma cialis
« Last post by eurolla on Today at 04:37:53 AM »
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Depends on how far you are from the magnets/electrons. Sure, if you are close, you can easily detect the field, but it gets weaker very quickly with the distance. Much faster in the case of two magnets/paired electrons than in the case of a single /unpaired.

This is also not much different from the electric field around a charge and a dipole/multipole.
6
Of course wikipedia says high spin is less important in affecting the ionization energy than "Electron configuration: This accounts for most elements' IE, as all of their chemical and physical characteristics can be ascertained just by determining their respective electron configuration.
Nuclear charge: If the nuclear charge (atomic number) is greater, the electrons are held more tightly by the nucleus and hence the ionization energy will be greater (leading to the mentioned trend 1 within a given period).
Number of electron shells: If the size of the atom is greater due to the presence of more shells, the electrons are held less tightly by the nucleus and the ionization energy will be smaller.
Effective nuclear charge (Zeff): If the magnitude of electron shielding and penetration are greater, the electrons are held less tightly by the nucleus, the Zeff of the electron and the ionization energy is smaller.[5]
Stability: An atom having a more stable electronic configuration has a reduced tendency to lose electrons and consequently has a higher ionization energy."
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The bar magnet=electron analogy doesn't work.

If you put different polarity bar magnets adjacent to each other, the magnetic field lines don't disappear.
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High School Chemistry Forum / Re: Piranha Solution with 1M or 5M Sulfuric Acid
« Last post by Hunter2 on Yesterday at 02:20:26 PM »
What do you want to do with this solution?
Normaly conc. H2SO4 96-98%  and H2O2 35% is used.
5 M is roughly 40% not strong enough.
Very strong corrosive etching mixture. Careful if mixed with organics, risk of explosion. Should be used only in a safe room, also outside probably is more safe.
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High School Chemistry Forum / Piranha Solution with 1M or 5M Sulfuric Acid
« Last post by piranhagirl on Yesterday at 12:18:03 PM »
I need to make piranha solution, and my chem teacher only has 1M or 5M sulfuric acid, and 35% hydrogen peroxide. Which sulfuric acid is safer? I was going to do a 3:1 ratio, should I adjust it? Also, do I really need a fume hood, or can I just do it outside? (There is a fume hood on campus but outside would be easier)
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Analytical Chemistry Forum / Acid chloride TLC
« Last post by Tom_Boomer on Yesterday at 12:10:07 PM »
Hey everyone,
I am currently conducting a research on the amidation (through acid chloride intermediate) of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. For this I added 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid into dichloromethane (solvent) together with dimethylformamide (catalyst) before adding thionyl chloride. The attachment contains the TLC (2:1, methanol:n-hexane and alluminium-backed silica plates, visualised with 254nm UV light, acid chloride was first reacted with methanol to form the stable ester) results of the reaction progression as monitored over 30 minutes after the addition of the thionyl chloride. I was wondering what the structures at the 'dot-spot' are as they are quite intense and seem to be extremely polar. I was thinking it would be thionyl chloride or one of its products but was unable to find any literature on it. The same goes for the upper spot, would this be the ester?
Thank you so much for your help in advance!
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