Chemical Forums
Chemistry Forums for Students => Analytical Chemistry Forum => Topic started by: coolestsoul on March 19, 2008, 06:39:28 PM
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Hi...
I am a complete beginner as far as the use of GC as aan analytical technique is concerned. I had few questions and answers to them would really help me out in my preliminary work:
1. Is the area of the GC peaks proportional to concentration of the species in the sample in mass terms (e.g. g/mL) or in molar terms (e.g. mol/mL)?
2. Actually, this one is I guess similar to the first question. If I wish to add a known amount of a species as an internal standard, should I add it in a manner such that its final concentration is constant in all samples in molar terms or in mass terms?
3. I am getting peaks of butanol when I run a butanol solution in water through my GC which instead of sharp peaks are triangular in nature with an abrupt and sharp beginning (desired??) and a lot of trailing towards the end? What may be causing this?
Thanks and regards.
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1. Both. You may calibrate your instrument on either basis.
2. See above.
3. There are a numerous causes for tailing such as using a less-than-ideal stationary phase or as a result of a poor injection. I think we need more information about your protocol to answer this one.
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I guess I was vague while asking he question. Kindly consider the situation below:
1. If i inject a sample containing two species which give two peaks, say A (mol wt 50) and B (mol wt 100). If the sample contains 1 mmol of A (i.e. 50mg) and 1mmol of B (i.e. 100mg) then should I expect the area of the peaks to be in 1:1 ratio (which will be the case if area is proportional to molar concentration) or 1:2 ratio (which will be the case if the area is proportional to the mass of the species, and since I have added twice as much weight of B as of A, its peak will have twice the area)?
2. The protocol is that I am injecting 1ul of ~5% v/v BuOH solution in water @ 230 deg C. Heating the column from 50 deg C to 250 deg C over 12 minutes and detecting using an FID at 280 deg C.
Thanks for your help.
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I guess I was vague while asking he question. Kindly consider the situation below:
1. If i inject a sample containing two species which give two peaks, say A (mol wt 50) and B (mol wt 100). If the sample contains 1 mmol of A (i.e. 50mg) and 1mmol of B (i.e. 100mg) then should I expect the area of the peaks to be in 1:1 ratio (which will be the case if area is proportional to molar concentration) or 1:2 ratio (which will be the case if the area is proportional to the mass of the species, and since I have added twice as much weight of B as of A, its peak will have twice the area)?
Generally no, each species will have a differing unit response (area/unit concentration), while you may get a relationship with some, but with most it will not work this way.
2. The protocol is that I am injecting 1ul of ~5% v/v BuOH solution in water @ 230 deg C. Heating the column from 50 deg C to 250 deg C over 12 minutes and detecting using an FID at 280 deg C.
Thanks for your help.
Internal STD levels should be identical (same level/concentration) in all samples and standards.
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Your oven program sounds reasonable. Describe your column and your injection mode (split?) and maybe we can solve your tailing problem.