I has heard of something like this, way back in the days of kid's kitchen chemistry. You took charcoal briquettes, and put them in a tray with vinegar, some other household chemicals that I've mostly forgotten, one of which was bluing, which nobody uses anymore. The chemicals would wick up through the porous briquette, and evaporate, and a crystalline inflorescence would form, and since it was likewise porous, and feed by capillary action, the crystals would expand, and grow larger.
I don't know what the crystals seen growing here are. But their appearance may have as much to do with the physical structure of the bottle as their chemical composition. At least you have some more places to look for an answer.