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Recent Posts
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Undergraduate General Chemistry Forum / Table of which lower energy orbitals shield upper energy orbitals
« Last post by sd79812 on Yesterday at 09:20:32 PM »
Is this table correct? If not, where am I wrong and why?
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Analytical Chemistry Forum / Re: Spectroscopy
« Last post by sjb on Yesterday at 12:22:10 PM »m14N is not 14, and m15N is not 15 if we are going to be picky (but probably won't make much difference)
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Chemistry Olympiad and other competitions / Re: Hess Law's
« Last post by sjb on Yesterday at 12:18:20 PM »5
Analytical Chemistry Forum / Re: Spontaneous Process?
« Last post by NotSoSure on May 10, 2024, 07:57:56 PM »Firstly, thank you for taking the time to reply to this post.
Facilitated diffusion: molecules move from the region of higher concentration to the region of lower concentration assisted by a carrier.
Active transport: movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. => This is more of a concentration cell..
Also Q=(134mM)/(4mM) for the info given which makes it Q>1?
Facilitated diffusion: molecules move from the region of higher concentration to the region of lower concentration assisted by a carrier.
Active transport: movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. => This is more of a concentration cell..
Also Q=(134mM)/(4mM) for the info given which makes it Q>1?
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Other Sciences Question Forum / Re: Making benzyl benzoate lotion (semi-finished product)
« Last post by billnotgatez on May 10, 2024, 01:58:34 PM »From our forum rules
topic locked
Quote
Due to their potential health hazards, we will also not help you prepare your own medicines or cosmetics.
topic locked
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Other Sciences Question Forum / Making benzyl benzoate lotion (semi-finished product)
« Last post by GrizzledEncirclement on May 10, 2024, 09:11:05 AM »Hello,
my country has ongoing epidemic with scabies. There is no medicine available that has benzyl benzoate as an active ingredient yet, which is known to be effective cure for it. People are ordering it outside the country. Other option is to buy lotion made for horses.
Thats why Im thinking about producing it myself.
After making research I found out that the best way to do it is to make a semi-finished product containing benzyl benzoate and some emulsifiers. The customer will add his own basic lotion into it and mix it well. Basically I want to copy this product.
I found out that Triehanolamine is very controlled in the EU and not the safest option. Oleic acid would be ok but is there need for two emulsifiers?
Is there other good options for that? Would Soy lecitin work?
Im not an expert and my chemistry is limited to what I've learnt in college. So I would be thankful for good advice
my country has ongoing epidemic with scabies. There is no medicine available that has benzyl benzoate as an active ingredient yet, which is known to be effective cure for it. People are ordering it outside the country. Other option is to buy lotion made for horses.
Thats why Im thinking about producing it myself.
After making research I found out that the best way to do it is to make a semi-finished product containing benzyl benzoate and some emulsifiers. The customer will add his own basic lotion into it and mix it well. Basically I want to copy this product.
I found out that Triehanolamine is very controlled in the EU and not the safest option. Oleic acid would be ok but is there need for two emulsifiers?
Is there other good options for that? Would Soy lecitin work?
Im not an expert and my chemistry is limited to what I've learnt in college. So I would be thankful for good advice
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Analytical Chemistry Forum / Re: Spontaneous Process?
« Last post by Babcock_Hall on May 10, 2024, 06:41:06 AM »One, your post does not discuss the membrane potential. Two, can you explain the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport?
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Chemistry Olympiad and other competitions / Re: Hess Law's
« Last post by Borek on May 10, 2024, 02:54:56 AM »Please read the forum rules, you have to show your efforts at answering the question to receive help.
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Analytical Chemistry Forum / Spontaneous Process?
« Last post by serotonin on May 09, 2024, 10:28:49 PM »Electrical impulses are the cause of the heartbeat and arise from a combination of electrochemistry and the properties of semipermeable cell membranes regarding a number of physiologically important ions (Na+,K+,Ca2+). The concentrations of these ions differ for intracellular (ICF) and extracellular fluids (ECF). In cardiac muscle cells the ICF and ECF concentrations of K+ ions are 134 and 4mM, respectively. The difference in ion concentration between ICF and ECF liquids produces a concentration cell. Is the K+ ion insertion process spontaneous? Explain based on the definition of concentration cell.
Can anyone explain to me if this really is a spontaneous process? In a concentration cell, the spontaneous movement of ions occurs from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. In the case of K+ ions in cardiac muscle cells, the concentration gradient favors the movement of K+ ions from the intracellular fluid (ICF) where the concentration is higher (134mM) to the extracellular fluid (ECF) where the concentration is lower (4mM). Doesn't that make it non spontaneous? Thanks for any help
Can anyone explain to me if this really is a spontaneous process? In a concentration cell, the spontaneous movement of ions occurs from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. In the case of K+ ions in cardiac muscle cells, the concentration gradient favors the movement of K+ ions from the intracellular fluid (ICF) where the concentration is higher (134mM) to the extracellular fluid (ECF) where the concentration is lower (4mM). Doesn't that make it non spontaneous? Thanks for any help
