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How is organnic carbon created?

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Babcock_Hall:
The first reaction in the Calvin cycle fixes carbon dioxide using a derivative of a carbohydrate (the oxygen atoms of carbon dioxide are still present at this point).  The product of the first reaction are more oxidized than carbohydrates are (the average oxidation number of the carbon atoms in a carbohydrate is zero).  Therefore, the text steps of photosynthesis reduce the product of the first reaction back to the same oxidation state as carbohydrates.

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