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Topic: Valence shell of transition metals definition is what? (  (Read 1805 times)

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Offline sd79812

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Valence shell of transition metals definition is what? (
« on: August 02, 2024, 07:23:51 PM »
TL;DR Summary   Four cases what's valence electrons?
Case one: ns is half-filled and (n-1)d is less than full.
Is valence 1+number of electrons in (n-1)d or number of electrons in (n-1)d or 1?

Case two: ns is fully filled and (n-1)d is less than full
Is valence 2 or 2+ number of electrons in (n-1)d or number of electrons in (n-1)d?

Case three, ns is fully filled, and (n-1)d is full
is valence 12 or 2 or 10?

Case four: ns is half-filled, and (n-1)d is full.
is valence 1 or 1+10 or 10?

Offline Hunter2

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Re: Valence shell of transition metals definition is what? (
« Reply #1 on: August 03, 2024, 04:01:19 AM »
Valence electrons of transition elements are all s electrons of the outer shell and  the d electrons of the shell below.
How many are used in bondings depends on the element.
Manganese for example can give the two 4 s and 1  until 5 3 d max to get Mn-VII
Copper can have one 4s and one 3 d, stability  of the element. Very seldom also Cu-III are reported with 2 3d electrons used.
Iron has  two 4s and 1 d to get Fe-III , but Ferrates-VI also known with 4 d electrons.

"Case one: ns is half-filled and (n-1)d is less than full.
Is valence 1+number of electrons in (n-1)d or number of electrons in (n-1)d or 1?"
As I said it can be 1 for the s but also some d electrons. Chromium would be the case.

"Case two: ns is fully filled and (n-1)d is less than full
Is valence 2 or 2+ number of electrons in (n-1)d or number of electrons in (n-1)d?"

The same answer, almost every transition element.

"Case three, ns is fully filled, and (n-1)d is full
is valence 12 or 2 or 10?"

Stability reason only the s electrons, Zinc for example.

"Case four: ns is half-filled, and (n-1)d is full.
is valence 1 or 1+10 or 10?"

Again s + some of the d. Copper already mentioned.

« Last Edit: August 03, 2024, 04:30:14 AM by Hunter2 »

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