[AhmedEzatAlzawalaty]

I want to know why in the synthesis of salicylic acid by the kolb schmidt pathway, at high temperature the para isomer is the predominant one while at low temperature the ortho isomer is the predominant one. is this related to thermodynamics and how.tahnks for any one who shares

[ARGOS++]

Dear AhmedEzatAlzawalaty;

I don’t know HOW high with temperature you have to “go" to get the para isomer predominant, because normally the para isomer is predominant if you use Potassium Phenolate instead of Sodium Phenolate.
The Sodium “seems” to have just the correct size to form the “required” Intermediate-Complex which finally results in the ortho isomer as several German literatures are telling:
Example:     "Chemgapedia.de”

But with Potassium with its different size the “normal” Substitution-Rules for Benzene is followed.
(Also from several German literatures.)

Good Luck!
                    ARGOS⁺⁺