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Topic: Trend for lewis acid hardness in BX3 molecules  (Read 3517 times)

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Offline spirochete

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Trend for lewis acid hardness in BX3 molecules
« on: February 16, 2009, 05:34:48 PM »
BF3 is considered a hard acid.

BBr3 is a borderline hard acid.

BH3 is a soft acid.

This trend apparently reflects how much electron density is being donated into boron's empty P orbital.  Fluorine donates the most (somewhat surprisingly based on its electronegativity) because it has the best energy overlap with the boron P orbital.  Hydrogen donates the least electron density because it only has a spherical S orbital so there must be little or no overlap.

I'm not sure how to explain this in terms of HSABT.  I know a hard acid is going to be less polarizable and have more ionic interactions, but I can't see how that relates to the trend.

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