Hey folks.
The orders given are stated in my book.I'm here to ask why.
basicity: p-methyl aniline>m-()>aniline>o-()
p exerts hyperconjugation and +I,m only +I ,but ortho exerts hyperconjugation and higher +I.
Shouldn't o-methyl aniline have high basicity?
basicity: aniline>m-nitro()>p-nitro()>o-nitro()
Why is o- at last?Shouldn't it move NH2 out of plane so that no -R takes place?
And is the ortho effect applicable to all substituents?Can you clear this for me?
Thank You.