March 28, 2024, 02:25:40 PM
Forum Rules: Read This Before Posting


Topic: Phase transfer mechanism of indazole? see diagram  (Read 5879 times)

0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic.

Offline tropane

  • Regular Member
  • ***
  • Posts: 10
  • Mole Snacks: +0/-0
Phase transfer mechanism of indazole? see diagram
« on: April 19, 2011, 11:26:09 AM »
Can anyone tell me what the mechanism and reaction name of the cyclisation of ortho-methylbenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate to 1H indazole using the phase transfer catalyst, crown ether and potassium acetate? I think its a little like Richter but without water.  

If anyone can help I would much appreciate it.

« Last Edit: April 19, 2011, 12:14:45 PM by tropane »

Offline Honclbrif

  • Chemist
  • Full Member
  • *
  • Posts: 659
  • Mole Snacks: +58/-10
  • Gender: Male
Re: Phase transfer mechanism of indazole? see diagram
« Reply #1 on: April 19, 2011, 01:04:00 PM »
18-crown-6 is known to dramatically increase the reactivity of anions by complexation of the cation.
Individual results may vary

Offline tropane

  • Regular Member
  • ***
  • Posts: 10
  • Mole Snacks: +0/-0
Re: Phase transfer mechanism of indazole? see diagram
« Reply #2 on: April 19, 2011, 02:17:12 PM »
Yes I agree with you thanks for that but I need to know the mechanism

Offline Honclbrif

  • Chemist
  • Full Member
  • *
  • Posts: 659
  • Mole Snacks: +58/-10
  • Gender: Male
Re: Phase transfer mechanism of indazole? see diagram
« Reply #3 on: April 19, 2011, 03:49:51 PM »
Well lets try another hint then: the 18-crown-6 is probably not acting strictly as a phase transfer catalyst.

Have you tried to solve this? What do you have so far?
Individual results may vary

Offline tropane

  • Regular Member
  • ***
  • Posts: 10
  • Mole Snacks: +0/-0
Re: Phase transfer mechanism of indazole? see diagram
« Reply #4 on: April 20, 2011, 05:21:23 AM »
Well I am assuming that the 18 crown-6 and poatssium acetate act as nucleophile and so abstract a H from the methyl group. This inturn creates a -CH2- nucleophile which attacks the azo species resulting in a 5 membered ring. However I am unsure of the subsequent electronic configuration and whether there is a unstable positive centre at the 1 postion in the benzene ring and how this inturn creates a stable indazole product.

Offline Honclbrif

  • Chemist
  • Full Member
  • *
  • Posts: 659
  • Mole Snacks: +58/-10
  • Gender: Male
Re: Phase transfer mechanism of indazole? see diagram
« Reply #5 on: April 20, 2011, 07:56:29 AM »
Bases remove protons, not nucleophiles.

However, things seem reasonable so far. What I was getting at before is that normally acetate is a pretty mild base without much hope of attacking that benzyl site. However, activation by the crown increases its basicity by effectively removing potassium from the scene. From there, I believe this reaction has more in common with azo coupling than the von Richter reaction, i.e carbon nucleophile attacking a diazonium. I've no idea if this reaction has a name or not.

Not sure how you're getting a positive charge at the 1-position on the benzene. After the initial deprotonation, the net charge should be neutral. You've also got to go from the 3H-indazole to the 1H-indazole.
Individual results may vary

Offline tropane

  • Regular Member
  • ***
  • Posts: 10
  • Mole Snacks: +0/-0
Re: Phase transfer mechanism of indazole? see diagram
« Reply #6 on: April 20, 2011, 12:06:20 PM »
Ok thanks for your help so far... im assuming that the remaining potassium acetate base abstracts a hydrogen at the 3 position forming a double bond which in turn causes the azo double bond to attck a a near by proton or would it be the same proton it removed at the 3 position? see diagram

Offline azmanam

  • Chemist
  • Sr. Member
  • *
  • Posts: 1417
  • Mole Snacks: +160/-24
  • Mediocrity is a handrail -Charles Louis d'Secondat
Re: Phase transfer mechanism of indazole? see diagram
« Reply #7 on: April 20, 2011, 12:50:29 PM »
Quote
Bases remove protons, not nucleophiles.

all bases are nucleophiles, but not all nucleophiles are bases.
Knowing why you got a question wrong is better than knowing that you got a question right.

Offline jake.n

  • Regular Member
  • ***
  • Posts: 53
  • Mole Snacks: +1/-1
Re: Phase transfer mechanism of indazole? see diagram
« Reply #8 on: April 20, 2011, 02:27:08 PM »
Or something like this also makes sense:


Offline Honclbrif

  • Chemist
  • Full Member
  • *
  • Posts: 659
  • Mole Snacks: +58/-10
  • Gender: Male
Re: Phase transfer mechanism of indazole? see diagram
« Reply #9 on: April 20, 2011, 04:58:45 PM »
all bases are nucleophiles, but not all nucleophiles are bases.

azmanam brings up a good point and I should clarify my previous statement. I meant that when a species is abstracting a proton, it should be referred to as a base for this very reason.
Individual results may vary

Offline tropane

  • Regular Member
  • ***
  • Posts: 10
  • Mole Snacks: +0/-0
Re: Phase transfer mechanism of indazole? see diagram
« Reply #10 on: April 21, 2011, 04:23:05 PM »
Thanks guys for all your input I have a couple more which I will post with mechanisms and I will try to figure out tomorrow.

Sponsored Links