March 28, 2024, 04:19:10 AM
Forum Rules: Read This Before Posting


Topic: Fructose oxidation  (Read 12712 times)

0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic.

Offline Rutherford

  • Sr. Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 1868
  • Mole Snacks: +60/-29
  • Gender: Male
Fructose oxidation
« on: September 11, 2012, 08:08:37 AM »
In my book it is said that aldehydes react with Phehling's and Tollens' reagents while ketones don't react. In another book it is said that fructose reacts with Phehling's and Tollens' reagents. How is this possible when fructose is a ketohexose?

Offline Dan

  • Retired Staff
  • Sr. Member
  • *
  • Posts: 4716
  • Mole Snacks: +469/-72
  • Gender: Male
  • Organic Chemist
    • My research
Re: Fructose oxidation
« Reply #1 on: September 11, 2012, 08:15:34 AM »
Ketoses can isomerise to aldoses (and vice versa) under basic conditions. Can you suggest a mechanism for this isomerisation?
My research: Google Scholar and Researchgate

Offline Babcock_Hall

  • Chemist
  • Sr. Member
  • *
  • Posts: 5594
  • Mole Snacks: +319/-22
Re: Fructose oxidation
« Reply #2 on: September 11, 2012, 08:23:25 AM »
Fructose can isomerize.  What about sucrose?

Offline AWK

  • Retired Staff
  • Sr. Member
  • *
  • Posts: 7981
  • Mole Snacks: +555/-93
  • Gender: Male
Re: Fructose oxidation
« Reply #3 on: September 11, 2012, 08:55:42 AM »
 Sucrose, a disaccharide, does not give positive
result to Tollen's or Benedict's or Fehling's test.
AWK

Offline Rutherford

  • Sr. Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 1868
  • Mole Snacks: +60/-29
  • Gender: Male
Re: Fructose oxidation
« Reply #4 on: September 11, 2012, 09:04:50 AM »
Ketoses can isomerise to aldoses (and vice versa) under basic conditions. Can you suggest a mechanism for this isomerisation?
Then, in the presence of a base, the isomerisation takes place. Thanks for the answer.
I can't think of the mechanism.

Offline Dan

  • Retired Staff
  • Sr. Member
  • *
  • Posts: 4716
  • Mole Snacks: +469/-72
  • Gender: Male
  • Organic Chemist
    • My research
Re: Fructose oxidation
« Reply #5 on: September 11, 2012, 10:18:58 AM »
I can't think of the mechanism.

If you treat a ketone with a base, what are the possible reactions?
My research: Google Scholar and Researchgate

Offline Rutherford

  • Sr. Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 1868
  • Mole Snacks: +60/-29
  • Gender: Male
Re: Fructose oxidation
« Reply #6 on: September 11, 2012, 10:48:23 AM »
It can produce an enolate or aldol maybe.

Offline Dan

  • Retired Staff
  • Sr. Member
  • *
  • Posts: 4716
  • Mole Snacks: +469/-72
  • Gender: Male
  • Organic Chemist
    • My research
Re: Fructose oxidation
« Reply #7 on: September 11, 2012, 11:16:54 AM »
It can produce an enolate.

Yes. Let's look at a simplified case:

Consider 1,3-dihydroxypropanone, and the corresponding enolate it forms on treatment with base. Remember this is an equilibrium and enolates are constantly protonating and reforming carbonyls in protic solvents - can you see how you could get glyceraldehyde (2,3-dihydroxypropanal) from this enolate?

Now extend this idea for a ketohexose  ::equil:: aldohexose equilibrium.
My research: Google Scholar and Researchgate

Offline Rutherford

  • Sr. Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 1868
  • Mole Snacks: +60/-29
  • Gender: Male
Re: Fructose oxidation
« Reply #8 on: September 11, 2012, 12:27:28 PM »
"can you see how you could get glyceraldehyde (2,3-dihydroxypropanal) from this enolate?"
I see that I can remove the pi bond by adding H2/Pt, I have 2 hydroxy groups now and one -O- group, but why would be only 1 hydroxy group oxidized  by oxidation to form aldehyde?

Offline Dan

  • Retired Staff
  • Sr. Member
  • *
  • Posts: 4716
  • Mole Snacks: +469/-72
  • Gender: Male
  • Organic Chemist
    • My research
Re: Fructose oxidation
« Reply #9 on: September 11, 2012, 12:48:28 PM »
No. No other reagents, it is a base-catalysed isomerisation. Can you draw a mechanism for:

1,3-dihydroxypropanone  ::equil:: enolate  ::equil:: 2,3-dihydroxypropanal

under basic conditions? Just an aqueous base, no other reagents.
My research: Google Scholar and Researchgate

Offline Rutherford

  • Sr. Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 1868
  • Mole Snacks: +60/-29
  • Gender: Male
Re: Fructose oxidation
« Reply #10 on: September 11, 2012, 02:12:22 PM »
I suppose that you meant the mechanism I attached, but I don't know how the second step happens. Maybe aldol addition?

Offline Babcock_Hall

  • Chemist
  • Sr. Member
  • *
  • Posts: 5594
  • Mole Snacks: +319/-22
Re: Fructose oxidation
« Reply #11 on: September 11, 2012, 02:42:33 PM »
Sucrose, a disaccharide, does not give positive
result to Tollen's or Benedict's or Fehling's test.
True, but maltose, which is also a disaccharide does give a positive test.  @Raderford, why is that?

Offline Dan

  • Retired Staff
  • Sr. Member
  • *
  • Posts: 4716
  • Mole Snacks: +469/-72
  • Gender: Male
  • Organic Chemist
    • My research
Re: Fructose oxidation
« Reply #12 on: September 11, 2012, 05:49:07 PM »
I suppose that you meant the mechanism I attached, but I don't know how the second step happens. Maybe aldol addition?

No, there is no aldol in the isomerisation, just carbonyl-enol equilibria.

Let's try working from both ends. You have drawn 1,3-dihydroxypropanone and its enolate, fine. We will call that enolate 1.

Now draw 2,3-dihydroxypropanal, and draw the enolate you would get from that by deprotonation. We will call that enolate 2.

How are enolates 1 ad 2 related and how might they interconvert? There is an equilibrium between them:

Ketone  ::equil:: enolate 1  ::equil:: enolate 2  ::equil:: aldehyde
My research: Google Scholar and Researchgate

Offline AWK

  • Retired Staff
  • Sr. Member
  • *
  • Posts: 7981
  • Mole Snacks: +555/-93
  • Gender: Male
Re: Fructose oxidation
« Reply #13 on: September 12, 2012, 04:21:25 AM »
Sucrose, a disaccharide, does not give positive
result to Tollen's or Benedict's or Fehling's test.
True, but maltose, which is also a disaccharide does give a positive test.  @Raderford, why is that?
In succrose both groups (aldehyde and ketone) are blocked, naltose shows one group free (hemiacetal).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltose
AWK

Offline Rutherford

  • Sr. Member
  • *****
  • Posts: 1868
  • Mole Snacks: +60/-29
  • Gender: Male
Re: Fructose oxidation
« Reply #14 on: September 12, 2012, 09:35:45 AM »
Got this. Seems that the enolates are same only turned on other sides, or maybe resonance forms. Is it okay?

Sponsored Links