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Topic: Ionization energy and affinity towards electron values  (Read 1326 times)

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Offline Shadow

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Ionization energy and affinity towards electron values
« on: September 17, 2014, 02:55:09 PM »
Are ionization energy values always positive (that is, energy needs to be driven to the system)?
I think yes, but I need a confirmation.

Are affinity energies always negative?
I think not, but I need a confirmation.


Offline mjc123

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Re: Ionization energy and affinity towards electron values
« Reply #1 on: September 17, 2014, 06:37:54 PM »
IE is always positive.
First electron affinities are generally positive (EA is defined as the energy released on accepting an electron, so negative ΔH equals positive EA). A few elements, particularly the noble gases, have negative EA, i.e. the negative ion is unstable.
Second and higher electron affinities tend to be negative, because you are adding an electron to a negative species. Thus O2-(g) is unstable relative to O- + e, but O2- is stabilised by the formation of solid oxide lattices.

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