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Topic: Electricity Transport and Storage  (Read 6140 times)

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Offline Enthalpy

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Electricity Transport and Storage
« on: July 31, 2023, 02:27:09 PM »
The resistivity of 99.999% aluminium drops by /1000 at 20K without most superconductor drawbacks.
  nvlpubs.nist.gov (5MB) p20 - lss.fnal.gov
Shall we chill to 20K the conductors of a 50GW 2000km ±960kV line to reduce the losses? An ambient temperature (RT) design is there:
  chemicalforums and next messages

The purer but smaller conductor costs as much metal and oil. At 1/3 the Carnot efficiency, coolers waste 1% of the carried electricity instead of 3% in Al at RT, saving around 0.1G€/year.

Feasible, in absolute terms:
  • 50 plies in vacuum insulate the cold Al conductor.
  • One more tube separates the vacuum from the oil. The external tube remains.
  • Few vertical straps of Ti, duplex steel, glass fibers... hold the conductor.
  • Bumps in other directions touch only during seisms.
  • The helium in the line equals few hours of worldwide production.
But:
  • Assembling vacuum and multilayer insulation in the fields makes trouble.
  • Coolant helium must run quickly within the pure Al conductor.
  • It takes a cryogenic station every 5km, not pumps and dissipators every 25km.
  • If the vacuum is lost, electronics must swiftly protect the line.
  • This protection can't easily prolong the operations accepting losses.
  • A line for <50GW <2000km favors low-tech even more.
Put together, such a line is far less reliable than the RT design. But please don't extrapolate to electromagnets or motors.

Also: the RT and 20K designs aren't optimized. A bit more metal or oil at RT might well save as much electricity without all the vacuum and cryogenic fuss.

So the possibility exists, but I put it in sleep mode for now.

Marc Schaefer, aka Enthalpy

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