May 21, 2024, 11:48:33 PM
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Of course wikipedia says high spin is less important in affecting the ionization energy than "Electron configuration: This accounts for most elements' IE, as all of their chemical and physical characteristics can be ascertained just by determining their respective electron configuration.
Nuclear charge: If the nuclear charge (atomic number) is greater, the electrons are held more tightly by the nucleus and hence the ionization energy will be greater (leading to the mentioned trend 1 within a given period).
Number of electron shells: If the size of the atom is greater due to the presence of more shells, the electrons are held less tightly by the nucleus and the ionization energy will be smaller.
Effective nuclear charge (Zeff): If the magnitude of electron shielding and penetration are greater, the electrons are held less tightly by the nucleus, the Zeff of the electron and the ionization energy is smaller.[5]
Stability: An atom having a more stable electronic configuration has a reduced tendency to lose electrons and consequently has a higher ionization energy."
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The bar magnet=electron analogy doesn't work.

If you put different polarity bar magnets adjacent to each other, the magnetic field lines don't disappear.
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What do you want to do with this solution?
Normaly conc. H2SO4 96-98%  and H2O2 35% is used.
5 M is roughly 40% not strong enough.
Very strong corrosive etching mixture. Careful if mixed with organics, risk of explosion. Should be used only in a safe room, also outside probably is more safe.
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I need to make piranha solution, and my chem teacher only has 1M or 5M sulfuric acid, and 35% hydrogen peroxide. Which sulfuric acid is safer? I was going to do a 3:1 ratio, should I adjust it? Also, do I really need a fume hood, or can I just do it outside? (There is a fume hood on campus but outside would be easier)
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Analytical Chemistry Forum / Acid chloride TLC
« Last post by Tom_Boomer on Today at 12:10:07 PM »
Hey everyone,
I am currently conducting a research on the amidation (through acid chloride intermediate) of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid. For this I added 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid into dichloromethane (solvent) together with dimethylformamide (catalyst) before adding thionyl chloride. The attachment contains the TLC (2:1, methanol:n-hexane and alluminium-backed silica plates, visualised with 254nm UV light, acid chloride was first reacted with methanol to form the stable ester) results of the reaction progression as monitored over 30 minutes after the addition of the thionyl chloride. I was wondering what the structures at the 'dot-spot' are as they are quite intense and seem to be extremely polar. I was thinking it would be thionyl chloride or one of its products but was unable to find any literature on it. The same goes for the upper spot, would this be the ester?
Thank you so much for your help in advance!
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Organic Chemistry Forum / Re: Essential Oil(s) in Rosemary
« Last post by Borek on Today at 02:47:03 AM »
LMFAO this was taken from deep in the mines by this bot.

How does anyone make money programming bots to troll forums these days. Reddit or twitter chemicalforums I get, but what money is there to be had here?

Attempts at link spamming - they post, they wait, they edit profile to add link either to the profile or to the signature.

Or they hide link in the text with formatting. chemicalforums

Or they quote your post and add a link somewhere inside the quote.

Both latter techniques present in this post - have you spotted them before I told you?
7
Organic Chemistry Forum / Re: Essential Oil(s) in Rosemary
« Last post by wildfyr on Yesterday at 10:51:00 PM »
LMFAO this was taken from deep in the mines by this bot.

How does anyone make money programming bots to troll forums these days. Reddit or twitter I get, but what money is there to be had here?
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What are your thoughts?

Going from Neon to Lithium, the atomic radius increases sharply because you introduce a electron shell. Previously the effect of shielding on Neon acted to the maximum effect, when you add a new shell, there's a new shell to act the shielding effect on, so you have two factors going from Neon to Lithium that explain that has the highest atomic radius within that period of Lithium. In subsueqent increases of atomic number starting from lithium, you increase nuclear charge which drops the atomic radius, the shielding factor remains constant across a period because the inner shell doesn't change, and I have no idea how to explain azimuthal effect (adding the p-orbital) yet the green dots have a lower absolute value slope than that of the purple dots when talking about iso-lithium period.

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Because of the octest rule?

Guess: The only factors at play here are the nuclear charge which without slater's rules we only use a Z_eff estimate play a constant rate increasing effect going across the column left to right.

If the atomic radius isn't dropping as heavily as atomic number increases across a period, the only possibility is the shielding is increasing across the period. But that's a contradiction because you inner shell isn't changing across the same period.
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What are your thoughts?
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